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Migraine

Tackling the pervasive impact of migraine

In a satellite symposium at the 16th European Headache Congress, December 7–10, 2022, Professors Stewart Tepper, USA, Simona Sacco, Italy and Astrid Gendolla, Germany explored the burden and unmet needs of migraine, including consequences arising from the vicious cycle leading to chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. They discussed the current use and limitations of monthly migraine days as a measure of successful prevention and examined the potential of patient-reported outcomes and how they correlate to paint a more realistic picture of migraine impact on patients’ lives, including the interictal burden.

Migraine – the vicious cycle

The burden of migraine can be huge, and for some patients increasing migraine frequency leads to increased use of acute medication to keep functioning, but with the net effect of worsening the overall condition. As the effectiveness of acute medication declines, with increasing need for more acute medication, the patients become more and more disabled, transformation occurs and a vicious cycle ensues.1,2 Professor Astrid Gendolla, Essen, Germany identified a high need to prevent chronification and reverse transformation from episodic to chronic migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH).

“There is now evidence that the use of anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies improves the effectiveness of acute migraine medication” – Professor Stewart Tepper, Hanover, NH, USA

Professor Stewart Tepper, Hanover, NH, USA presented data from clinical trials showing that a preventive anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP) monoclonal antibody (mAb) reversed the dual diagnoses of chronic migraine and MOH in one-third of patients.3,4

 

Beyond monthly migraine days

Despite widespread acceptance that the impact of migraine extends beyond monthly migraine days (MMDs) and/or monthly headache days (MHDs), clinical trials continue to focus on reduction of these metrics. Recent guidelines from the European Headache Federation5 emphasize measurement of MMDs with an assumption that improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) tends to follow improvement in MMDs, said Professor Simona Sacco, L’Aquila, Italy.

Measuring monthly migraine days alone may not capture the true pervasive impact of the disease

 

Measuring successful migraine prevention

Fortunately, new migraine-specific medications have been shown to change the widespread detrimental impact of migraine, said Professor Sacco. The anti-CGRP mAbs work across a spectrum of PROs demonstrating marked impact beyond reduction in MMDs in multiple studies.6-12 These benefits are highest in patients experiencing high response rates.13-16

Evidence of the efficacy of anti-CGRP mAbs from clinical trials are now supported by real world data that show even greater improvements

Evidence for the efficacy of anti-CGRP mAbs from clinical trials are now supported by real world data that show even greater improvements.17 In addition, even in MMD non-responders, there may be clinically relevant improvement in migraine impact,18 identified Professor Sacco. A reduction in both the frequency and severity of migraine attacks are reported in clinical trials of anti-CGRP mAbs, a benefit that is greatly appreciated by patients, she commented.19

 

Reducing interictal burden

“Anti-CGRP mAbs provide markedly more than a reduction in monthly migraine days, reducing the interictal burden of migraine” – Professor Stewart Tepper, Hanover, NH, USA

Migraine patients consult a neurologist not just because of high number of MMDs but because of the interictal burden of migraine, said Professor Stewart Tepper, Hanover, NH, USA. PROs can be used to measure the response to migraine therapies and capture the pervasive burden of migraine in all aspects of life. Among PROs, the 4-item Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4)20 and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)16 may be the best, summarized Professor Tepper.

 

Educational financial support for this Satellite symposium was provided by H. Lundbeck A/S

Our correspondent’s highlights from the symposium are meant as a fair representation of the scientific content presented. The views and opinions expressed on this page do not necessarily reflect those of Lundbeck.

References
  1. Diener HC et al. Eur J Neurol 2020;27:1102-16.
  2. Raggi A et al. J Neurol Sci 2015;348:60-6.
  3. Diener H-C, et al. Headache 2021;61:125-36.
  4. Diener H-C, et al. Poster presented at the American Headache Society Scientific Meeting 2020.
  5. Sacco S et al. J Headache Pain 2022;23:67.
  6. Torres‑Ferrús M et al. J Neurol 2021;268:3789-98.
  7. Spierings ELH et al. Headache 2021;61:1376-86.
  8. Lanteri-Minet M et al. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021;92:466-72.
  9. Kudrow D et al. BMC Neurol 2021;21:126.
  10. Tepper SJ et al. Clin Drug Investig 2022;42:263-75.
  11. McAllister P et al. J Headache Pain 2022;23:22.
  12. Iannone LF et al. CNS Drugs 2022;36:191-202.
  13. Brandes JL et al. Cephalalgia 2020;40:28-38.
  14. Ford JH et al. Headache 2020;60:2304-19.
  15. Lipton RB et al. J Headache Pain 2022;23:23.
  16. Alpuente A et al. J Headache Pain 2021;22:151.
  17. Ornello R et al. J Headache Pain 2020;21:102.
  18. Ornello R et al. J Headache Pain 2022;23:38.
  19. Ashina M, et al. Lancet Neurol 2022;21:597-607.
  20. Smith, et al. Presentation at the American Headache Society Scientific Meeting, 2022.
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